The rise of research synthesis
Four decades after its introduction, meta-analysis has become a widely accepted research synthesis tool. In this Review, Jessica Gurevitch and colleagues explore the history, development and current state of meta-analytic practice in the biological sciences. They outline the contributions that it has made to several disciplines, particularly ecology, evolutionary biology and conservation, where the number of meta-analyses has increased exponentially over time. They discuss some of the pitfalls of these types of analyses and summarize recent developments such as the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence. They suggest that evidence synthesis should become a regular companion to primary scientific research to maximize the effectiveness of scientific inquiry, but call for the rigorous application of stricter quality criteria for the publication of meta-analyses.
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